By Jones Gadama
The recent incident in Monkey Bay, Mangochi, where a man was beaten to death by individuals participating in the Gule Wamkulu ceremony, has sparked outrage and prompted the Chewa Heritage Foundation to disown the actions of those involved. They assert that their Gule Wamkulu adheres to established protocols and traditions.
However, this disavowal raises critical questions about the nature of Gule Wamkulu itself and the broader implications of such violence associated with it. The reality is that Gule Wamkulu, often referred to as “virombo” meaning beasts, has a long-standing reputation for savagery and brutality, and the foundation’s attempt to distance itself from this incident is not only disingenuous but also an evasion of responsibility.
Gule Wamkulu, a traditional dance and masquerade performed by the Chewa people, is deeply rooted in cultural heritage. It is meant to celebrate life, mark important events, and serve as a medium for social commentary. However, the darker side of this tradition cannot be ignored. The masks and costumes, while colorful and vibrant, often embody a duality that reflects both the sacred and the profane.
The term “virombo,” which translates to “beasts,” is not merely a colloquialism; it encapsulates the fear and violence that can accompany the Gule Wamkulu performances. This duality raises the question: how can a tradition that is meant to celebrate life also be synonymous with death and destruction?
The Chewa Heritage Foundation’s assertion that their Gule Wamkulu follows protocols is a claim that requires scrutiny. If these protocols exist, they have evidently failed to prevent the violence that has become associated with the practice.
The incident in Monkey Bay is not an isolated occurrence; it is part of a troubling pattern where Gule Wamkulu participants have engaged in acts of violence, often under the guise of tradition. The foundation’s disavowal of this incident suggests a denial of the reality that many communities face when Gule Wamkulu is performed without accountability or oversight.
Moreover, the foundation’s attempt to distance itself from the actions of the perpetrators is problematic.
By disowning the violent acts, they inadvertently perpetuate a culture of impunity. If the Gule Wamkulu is indeed a reflection of Chewa culture, then the violence associated with it must also be acknowledged as part of that culture. The foundation cannot cherry-pick which aspects of their heritage to embrace while conveniently ignoring the more troubling elements.
This selective memory not only undermines the integrity of the tradition but also disrespects the victims of violence who have suffered at the hands of those who claim to represent the culture.
The notion that Gule Wamkulu participants are merely following tradition does not absolve them of responsibility for their actions.
The argument that these individuals are acting within the confines of cultural expression is a dangerous one. It suggests that cultural practices can be used as a shield for violent behavior, allowing individuals to act with impunity.
This is not only a disservice to the victims but also to the very essence of the culture that the Chewa Heritage Foundation seeks to protect. If Gule Wamkulu is to be a source of pride for the Chewa people, it must also be a source of accountability.
Furthermore, the foundation’s claim that their Gule Wamkulu follows protocols raises questions about the enforcement of these protocols. Who is responsible for ensuring that participants adhere to the guidelines? What mechanisms are in place to hold individuals accountable for their actions during performances?

The lack of clear answers to these questions suggests a systemic failure within the organization and the broader community. Without accountability, the potential for violence will continue to loom over Gule Wamkulu, overshadowing its cultural significance.
The Chewa Heritage Foundation must confront the uncomfortable truth that Gule Wamkulu has become synonymous with violence in the eyes of many. The term “virombo” is not just a descriptor; it is a reflection of the fear and trauma that communities have experienced as a result of unchecked violence during these performances.
By disowning the actions of those involved in the recent incident, the foundation risks alienating those who have been affected by this violence. Instead of distancing themselves, they should take a proactive stance in addressing the issues that plague Gule Wamkulu.
It is essential for the Chewa Heritage Foundation to engage in a critical dialogue about the future of Gule Wamkulu. This dialogue must include voices from within the community, particularly those who have been victims of violence or who have witnessed its effects.
By acknowledging the darker aspects of their tradition, the foundation can begin to work towards a more responsible and accountable practice of Gule Wamkulu. This may involve revising protocols, implementing training for participants, and establishing clear consequences for those who engage in violent behavior.
Additionally, the foundation should consider the role of education in transforming the narrative surrounding Gule Wamkulu.
By educating community members about the importance of non-violence and respect during performances, they can help to reshape the perception of Gule Wamkulu from one of fear to one of celebration. This shift in perspective is crucial for the survival of the tradition, as it will allow Gule Wamkulu to thrive without the shadow of violence looming over it.
The Chewa Heritage Foundation’s disavowal of the violent actions associated with Gule Wamkulu is a misguided attempt to protect their cultural heritage.
The reality is that Gule Wamkulu has become synonymous with violence, and the foundation must confront this truth head-on. By acknowledging the darker aspects of their tradition and taking steps to address the violence that has become associated with it, they can work towards a more accountable and responsible practice of Gule Wamkulu.
The future of this cultural heritage depends on the foundation’s willingness to engage in this critical dialogue and to take meaningful action to ensure that Gule Wamkulu is a source of pride rather than fear. Only then can the Chewa people truly celebrate their heritage without the stain of violence overshadowing their traditions.
