The country is facing its worst outbreak of the illness that infects cattle herds. But the first locally-produced vaccine could become a major ally in fighting the disease.
Locally produced, inactivated foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines targeting specific regional viral isolates (e.g., FMDV type O) are effective for controlling outbreaks in livestock, particularly in Asia, Africa, and South America. These vaccines often utilize BHK-21 cell culture and oil-adjuvants for improved efficacy.
Key details on local FMD vaccine production and use:
- Production: Local strains (like FMDV type O) are cultivated on BHK-21 cells, purified, and formulated with adjuvants, such as oil or gel.
- Types: Inactivated virus vaccines are standard, though research includes synthetic lipopeptide-based options for sheep.
- Effectiveness: Localized, purified vaccines have demonstrated efficiency in bovine calves.
- Limitations: Conventional vaccines often provide short-lived protection (about six months), requiring frequent revaccination, and they may not prevent the carrier state in animals.
- Control Strategy: Regular vaccination is the primary control method in endemic regions, often combined with strategies to differentiate infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA).
For the human hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), a monovalent vaccine against EV71 is available in China.