Climate change has made water stress increasingly acute on the African continent in recent decades. The situation is particularly challenging in North Africa, where several strategic sectors, including tourism, depend on a steady supply of water to survive and develop. Water resources will surely be a recurrent theme at the Annual Meetings of the African Development Bank, which are to be held in Abidjan from 26 to 30 May 2025 under the banner, “Making Africa’s Capital Work Better for Africa’s Development”.
Tourism is a vital economic resource for the ancient town of Zagora, dramatically positioned at the gateway to the desert. But tourism depends on a natural resource –water, without which there would be no hotels, no lush gardens nestled in the courtyards of the riads (traditional urban houses), no artisans, and none of the amenities and attractions that bring thousands of visitors to the town each year in search of exotic relaxation.
Water stress has been a growing concern for Zagora’s people and businesses. As Saïd Elberkaoui, who has managed the town’s Riad Lamane hotel for the last five years, explained: “Water is a treasure but two years ago it grew scarce. If the situation had continued and intensified, it could have affected tourism.”
Nestled in the heart of a palm grove, Riad Lamane offers high-quality services and must ensure that all of its amenities, from rooms to garden to restaurant, are perfectly maintained to satisfy its customers. Scarcity of water was a clear threat to the smooth operation and even the existence of the hotel: “I was fearful that tourists would stop coming and my employees would lose their jobs,” Saïd Elberkaoui says.
Investments that are changing the game
Recognising the scale of the problem, the Moroccan government has taken timely action. accelerating investments in infrastructure to secure and reinforce drinking water supplies throughout the Kingdom.
In the province of Zagora, the National Office for Electricity and Drinking Water (ONEE) has completed the construction of a water treatment plant and a 127-kilometre drinking water supply system. The project, with total cost of over €55 million, was financed by a loan from the African Development Bank. Combined with water conservation and optimization measures, this forward-looking policy has benefited nearly 300,000 people. The towns of Zagora, Agdez, and the surrounding villages now have adequate supplies of this most precious resource.
For Firdaous Allouli, a cook at Riad Lamane, a secure water supply means fewer problems in her day-to-day work. “My kitchen runs better, we are more efficient, and we can respond better to customer requests. We can do more,” she says happily.
Water security promises a secure future for the tourism industry and gives it the potential to grow. As Saïd Elberkaoui says: “It is an extra reason to develop the riad and perhaps to recruit staff.”
However, the improvements in the province of Zagora do not resolve the problem for Morocco as a whole, which continues to suffer from declining water resources. The public authorities are addressing the issue through the National Programme for Drinking Water Supply and Irrigation (PNAEPI 2020-2027), which brings together and unites the capacities of all stakeholders who can help to resolve this complex equation.
The African Development Bank has been working in partnership with ONEE since the late 1970s. The Bank has contributed to major infrastructure projects to strengthen and secure access to water, which have improved water systems in nearly 30 Moroccan cities, providing for the water needs of more than 15 million people.
The Kingdom has invested more than €1.2 billion to ensure adequate supplies of water. Achraf Hassan Tarsim, Country Manager for Morocco at the African Development Bank, expects further joint work to address remaining challenges. “The urgent need today is to take action where water is starting to run out. We have been, are and will continue to stand alongside Morocco, meeting the water challenge together with our long-standing partner, the National Office for Electricity and Drinking Water,” Mr Tarsim said.
Source African Development Bank Group
